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Key message Litter trap is considered the most effective method to quantify seed production, but it is expensive and time-consuming. Counting fallen seeds using a quadrat placed on the ground yields comparable estimates to the litter traps.

Key message Decomposition of forest herb species litter was not always completed in less than a year and was not always faster than decomposition of tree leaf litter in an oak-hornbeam forest in Western Poland. Litter decomposition

Key message A piecewise polynomial function already used to represent the size-density trajectories of pure even-aged stands of beech, oak, and Douglas-fir proved its ability to represent the size-density trajectories of a new species, ash. The widespread

Key message Non-selective thinning of a hybrid aspen coppice stands via corridor or cross-corridor cutting impacts residual trees differently depending on their competitive status. Suppressed residual trees’ metabolic profile indicates increased stress level, especially after cross-corridor thinning.

Key message Patterns of stem radial variations showed that Cedrus libani A. Rich. was less limited by summer drought than co-occurring Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Cedrus libani recovered faster from tree water deficit and showed significantly higher