On-farm research with farmer participation is promoted as a transformative approach that increases inclusivity and innovation within agricultural research, ultimately improving research quality and outcomes. However, little is known about the farmers who participate in on-farm research (i.e., research farmers) or how well these farmers represent the broader agricultural community, including farmers not involved in research (i.e., non-research farmers). This gap in knowledge raises questions about both the application and generalizability of on-farm research findings as well as the equitable distribution of on-farm research benefits among farmers. In this study, we examine how research farmers’ behavior and perceptions differ from non-research farmers using two online surveys among US row crop farmers, focused on cover crops (N = 211). We find that among farmers that have engaged in cover cropping, research and non-research farmers are demographically nearly identical; however, there are several significant differences between the two farmer groups’ perceptions, social networks, and on-farm management. Here, we show for the first time that research farmers perceive cover cropping practices as less challenging and are more willing to engage in innovative cover crop practices compared to non-research farmers. Research farmers also exchange farming information with more people and are more willing to share their farm data, compared to non-research farmers. Given these findings, we consider the practical and epistemological consequences of extending insights gained from working with research farmers to the broader agricultural population. Our results highlight potential implications for farmer communication and engagement strategies, especially among those farmers who are not typically involved with on-farm research activities.
Hunt, L., Thompson, J.J. & Niles, M.T. How on-farm research project participants compare to a general sample of farmers: A case study of US cover crop farmers. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 45, 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-024-01004-z
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important staple crops grown to produce feed for animals worldwide as well as in Iran with considerable surface in the arid and frost-prone climates. The yield gap analysis is an important topic for researchers worldwide as it aims to identify the factors influencing the gap between actual and potential yields and to enhance food security. To date, almost no long-term assessments have been focused on the barley yield gap analysis for the arid and semi-arid environments, particularly categorizing yield gap. In the current study, we therefore calibrated the APSIM-Barley model for three irrigated barley cultivars, validated the model using 31 field experiment reports, and applied it to simulate long-term (1989 to 2019) yields under eight production levels in eight major barley growing locations of Iran (Arak, Hamedan, Kabudarahang, Marvdasht, Neyshabour, Sabzevar, Saveh, and Shiraz). This is the first time that barley yield gaps are categorized into unexploitable, agronomic, and non-agronomic ones in Iran. The results revealed a huge difference between potential and actual yields (on average, 5.4 t ha−1 yield gap) across the studied locations indicating that the farmers could achieve only 38.6% of the potential yield. Yield gap values varied over locations and seasons. Unexploitable, agronomic, and non-agronomic yield gaps in the studied locations averaged 26.7%, 55.9%, and 17.4% of total yield gap, respectively. The major part of the agronomic yield gap in the studied locations was owing to water limitation, which accounted for ~ 40% of the agronomic yield gap, fold by other agronomic (30%), frost-limited (15.8%), cultivar-limited (13.7%), and sowing date-limited (10.4%) yield gaps. Our findings showed that by improving agronomic management practices, particularly water management and farmers’ non-agronomic conditions, the current yield gaps could be reduced considerably in arid and frost-affected locations.
Our study aims to determine the yield potential and yield gap and to identify key factors associated with yield losses in irrigated rice fields in Argentina. Our findings indicated that 22% of the current yield gap is due to the sowing date, 9% is associated with the adoption of rotation/succession, and 5% is associated with the early onset of irrigation up to the V3 stage. The implementation of these practices has demonstrated the potential to reduce the current yield gap from 48% to 33%.
The current study aims to comprehensively investigate the impact of runoff on crop functioning in the context of Mediterranean rainfed annual crops. To quantify this impact, we conduct a numerical experiment using the AquaCrop model and consider two hydrologically connected plots. The experiment explores a range of upstream and downstream agro-pedo-climatic conditions: crop type, soil texture and depth, climate forcing, and the area of the upstream plot. The experiment relies on data collected over the last 25 years in OMERE, an environment research observatory in northeastern Tunisia, and data from literature. A key finding in the results is that water supply through hydrological connectivity can enhance annual crop production under semiarid and subhumid climate conditions. Specifically, the results show that the downstream infiltration of upstream runoff has a positive impact on crop functioning in a moderate number of situations, ranging from 16% (wheat) to 33% (faba bean) as the average across above ground biomass and yield.
Using the calibrated DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model, we conducted a long-term simulation (1980−2019) incorporating various scenarios of nitrogen fertilizer and mulch, resulting in a baseline scenario and five mitigation scenarios. We revealed an average net global warming potential during the maize growing season of 5293 kg CO2 eq ha−1, with the most GHG derived from N2O (53%). Considering GHG costs, the net environmental and economic benefits in maize amounted to 5089 CNY ha−1. Our results, which provide the first calculation of the combined benefits of mulch and nitrogen fertilizer including GHG costs, not only underscore the immense potential of mulch for enabling carbon neutrality, but also offer valuable insights for policymakers and industry in selecting suitable mulch techniques for agricultural production.
n used to increase forage yield and soil fertility in managed grasslands. We conducted a 5-year field experiment across 3 sites to investigate the effects of legume-grass seeding ratio and P fertilization on forage yield and soil quality. Our results suggests that low legume seeding proportion in legume-grass mixtures combined with moderate nutrient management is a useful strategy for sustainable and highly productive managed grasslands.