World cocoa intensive production lacks of sustainability and there is a need for more ecologically efficient cropping systems based on greater biodiversity level. However, the performances of cocoa agroforests are more difficult to assess than those of monospecific systems. For the first time, scientists Jagoret et al. demonstrate that the basal area per cocoa tree and the unproductive adult cocoa tree rate are key factors to assess cocoa yield. These indicators can be used to mediate the structure of a cocoa agroforests to improve their yields.