Industrial agriculture has improved yields but has also induced many negative impacts such as pesticide pollution, greenhouse emissions and soil erosion. Agroecology is a promising alternative that foster the use of biodiversity instead of chemicals. However switching from industrial to agroecological farming is risky because there are actually few guidelines to optimize a such change. Agronomists Duru et al. review the issues of using biodiversity for agriculture. They also propose to design ecological farming at the local level with farmers.