{"id":1667,"date":"2017-05-15T14:18:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-15T14:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allenvi.fr\/?p=1667"},"modified":"2022-07-05T14:59:14","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T14:59:14","slug":"crispr-lalliance-appelle-a-identifier-les-besoins-de-recherche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/allenvi\/crispr-lalliance-appelle-a-identifier-les-besoins-de-recherche\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR : l\u2019alliance appelle \u00e0 identifier les besoins de recherche"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019initiative de la Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversit\u00e9 (FRB), une r\u00e9flexion a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9e au sein du groupe Biodiversit\u00e9 d\u2019AllEnvi sur les questions soulev\u00e9es par les nouvelles techniques de g\u00e9nie mol\u00e9culaire comme CRISPR Cas-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il n\u2019aurait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi simple d\u2019effacer, de r\u00e9\u00e9crire ou d\u2019ajouter un g\u00e8ne. En plein d\u00e9veloppement, ces nouvelles <strong>techniques d\u2019\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome<\/strong>&nbsp;et de <strong>for\u00e7age g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/strong>&nbsp;(gene drive) reposent sur les <strong>outils CRISPR<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entre espoir immense et principe de pr\u00e9caution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les applications concernent aussi bien la m\u00e9decine humaine que l\u2019agriculture et les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels ou environnementaux. On nous promet la gu\u00e9rison de maladies g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, l\u2019\u00e9radication de maladies \u00e0 transmission vectorielle, des plantes poss\u00e9dant de nouveaux caract\u00e8res ou des insectes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s pour ne plus ravager des cultures\u2026 CRISPR offre des possibilit\u00e9s inou\u00efes, mais soul\u00e8ve tout autant de <strong>questions \u00e9thiques majeures<\/strong>&nbsp;et de nombreuses incertitudes sur le possible <strong>impact environnemental<\/strong>&nbsp;de certains produits issus de la <strong>biologie de synth\u00e8se<\/strong>&nbsp;et des <strong>organismes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement transform\u00e9s<\/strong>&nbsp;par ces techniques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des impacts impr\u00e9visibles et difficilement mesurables<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 ces questions cruciales, le groupe <em><u><a href=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/allenvi\/grands-enjeux-transversaux\/biodiversite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biodiversit\u00e9<\/a><\/u><\/em>&nbsp;d\u2019AllEnvi a entrepris une r\u00e9flexion. Car modifier un g\u00e8ne peut impacter d\u2019autres parties du g\u00e9nome, avantager la transmission du g\u00e8ne modifi\u00e9 dans les populations et avoir une incidence sur le fonctionnement des communaut\u00e9s \u00e9cologiques en contact avec les organismes transform\u00e9s. \u00ab&nbsp;<em>Or, \u00e0 ce jour, <strong>ces modifications sont non seulement impr\u00e9visibles, mais difficilement mesurables<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb pr\u00e9vient Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Silvain, pr\u00e9sident de la FRB et co-animateur du groupe <em><u><a href=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/allenvi\/grands-enjeux-transversaux\/biodiversite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biodiversit\u00e9<\/a><\/u><\/em>&nbsp;de l\u2019alliance. \u00ab&nbsp;<em>Il me parait n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019identifier rapidement les besoins de recherche permettant d\u2019appr\u00e9hender et d\u2019anticiper les \u00e9ventuels risques de l\u2019utilisation massive de ces techniques sur le fonctionnement des communaut\u00e9s et des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For\u00e7age g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, un risque pour la biodiversit\u00e9&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.normalesup.org\/~vorgogoz\/gene-drive.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">for\u00e7age g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/a>&nbsp;assure la transmission d\u2019une modification du g\u00e9nome \u00e0 la descendance sans \u00eatre soumis aux pressions s\u00e9lectives. Si bien que c\u2019est l\u2019ensemble d\u2019une <strong>population animale ou v\u00e9g\u00e9tale qui peut se trouver transform\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9versible<\/strong>. La biologie de synth\u00e8se a d\u2019ailleurs \u00e9t\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fondationbiodiversite.fr\/fr\/actualite\/231-2017\/829-conference-des-parties-de-la-convention-sur-la-diversite-biologique-2016-a-cancun-biologie-de-synthese-et-sequences-numeriques-au-coeur-des-debats.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">au c\u0153ur des d\u00e9bats<\/a>&nbsp;de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/conferences\/2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Conf\u00e9rence des parties<\/a>&nbsp;de la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique, fin&nbsp;2016 \u00e0 Canc\u00fan. Les choses se sont visiblement crisp\u00e9es entre les pays, voire au sein de diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s. Deux blocs se sont donc affront\u00e9s&nbsp;: le premier essayant de pousser une approche internationale des risques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par la biologie de synth\u00e8se et le second camp, partisan de n\u2019en entraver d\u2019aucune fa\u00e7on le d\u00e9veloppement. Les premiers l\u00e2chers sur le terrain d\u2019organismes ainsi modifi\u00e9s semblent imminents dans certains pays. La <strong>science doit imp\u00e9rativement s\u2019emparer de ces questions pour nourrir le d\u00e9bat<\/strong>&nbsp;qui ne fait que commencer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c0 l\u2019initiative de la Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversit\u00e9 (FRB), une r\u00e9flexion a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9e au sein du groupe Biodiversit\u00e9 d\u2019AllEnvi sur les questions soulev\u00e9es par les nouvelles techniques de g\u00e9nie mol\u00e9culaire comme CRISPR Cas-9. Il n\u2019aurait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi simple d\u2019effacer, de r\u00e9\u00e9crire ou d\u2019ajouter un g\u00e8ne. En plein d\u00e9veloppement, ces nouvelles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":199,"featured_media":9727,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nos-actualites"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CRISPR : l\u2019alliance appelle \u00e0 identifier les besoins de recherche - Alliance Allenvi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CRISPR : l\u2019alliance appelle \u00e0 identifier les besoins de recherche - Alliance Allenvi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c0 l\u2019initiative de la Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversit\u00e9 (FRB), une r\u00e9flexion a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9e au sein du groupe Biodiversit\u00e9 d\u2019AllEnvi sur les questions soulev\u00e9es par les nouvelles techniques de g\u00e9nie mol\u00e9culaire comme CRISPR Cas-9. Il n\u2019aurait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi simple d\u2019effacer, de r\u00e9\u00e9crire ou d\u2019ajouter un g\u00e8ne. 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