{"id":5092,"date":"2021-09-17T09:01:37","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T07:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/?p=5092"},"modified":"2021-09-17T09:01:37","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T07:01:37","slug":"estimation-of-breast-height-diameter-and-trunk-curvature-with-linear-and-single-photon-lidars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/2021\/09\/17\/estimation-of-breast-height-diameter-and-trunk-curvature-with-linear-and-single-photon-lidars\/","title":{"rendered":"Estimation of breast height diameter and trunk curvature with linear and single-photon LiDARs"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\/assets\/embed.js'><\/script><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/Ahola-2021.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5095 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/Ahola-2021-242x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/Ahola-2021-242x300.png 242w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/Ahola-2021-640x793.png 640w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/Ahola-2021.png 764w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><\/a>Key message<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">New technologies can take us towards real precision forestry: the terrestrial single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has a great potential to outperform conventional linear mode LiDARs in measuring tree parameters at the stand level.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Context<\/strong> Precision forestry together with new sensor technologies implies Digital Forest Inventories for estimation of volume and quality of trees in a stand.<br \/>\n<strong>Aims<\/strong> This study compared commercial LiDAR, new prototype SPAD LiDAR, and manual methods for measuring tree quality attributes, i.e., diameter at breast height (DBH) and trunk curvature in the forest stand.<br \/>\n<strong>Methods<\/strong> We measured 7 Scots pine trees (<em>Pinus sylvestris<\/em>) with commercial LiDAR (Zeb Horizon by GeoSLAM), prototype SPAD LiDAR, and manual devices. We compared manual measurements to the DBH and curvature values estimated based on LiDAR data. We also scanned a densely branched <em>Picea abies<\/em> to compare penetrability of the LiDARs and detectability of the obstructed trunk.<br \/>\n<strong>Results<\/strong> The DBH values deviated 1\u20133 cm correlating to the specified accuracies of the employed devices, showing close to acceptable results. The curvature values deviated 1\u20136 cm implying distorted range measurements from the top part of the trunks and inaccurate manual measurement method, leaving space for improvement. The most important finding was that the SPAD LiDAR outperformed conventional LiDAR in detecting tree stem of the densely branched spruce.<br \/>\n<strong>Conclusion<\/strong> These results represent preliminary but clear evidence that LiDAR technologies are already close to acceptable level in DBH measurements, but not yet satisfactory for curvature measurements. In addition, terrestrial SPAD LiDAR has a great potential to outperform conventional LiDARs in forest measurements of densely branched trees.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><br \/>\nForest inventory; Single-photon LiDAR<\/p>\n<div class='altmetric-embed' data-badge-type='donut' data-doi='10.1007\/s13595-021-01100-0'  style='float: right; ' ><\/div>\n<p><strong>Publication<\/strong><br \/>\nAhola, J.M., Heikkil\u00e4, T., Raitila, J. et al. Estimation of breast height diameter and trunk curvature with linear and single-photon LiDARs. Annals of Forest Science 78, 79 (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-021-01100-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-021-01100-0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>For the read-only version of the full text:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/cxWhv\">https:\/\/rdcu.be\/cxWhv<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Data availability<\/strong><br \/>\nThe datasets generated during and\/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Handling Editor<\/strong><br \/>\nBarry A. Gardiner<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key message New technologies can take us towards real precision forestry: the terrestrial single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has a great potential to outperform conventional linear mode LiDARs in measuring tree parameters at the stand level. Abstract Context Precision forestry together with new sensor technologies implies Digital Forest Inventories for estimation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,109,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article-type","category-open-access","category-research-paper","cat-14-id","cat-109-id","cat-15-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/109"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5092"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5092\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}