{"id":5067,"date":"2021-09-15T16:16:25","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T14:16:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/?p=5067"},"modified":"2021-09-15T16:16:25","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T14:16:25","slug":"reduction-of-growth-stresses-in-logs-of-hieronyma-alchorneoides-allemao-from-fast-growth-plantations-using-steaming-and-heating-effects-on-the-quality-of-lumber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/2021\/09\/15\/reduction-of-growth-stresses-in-logs-of-hieronyma-alchorneoides-allemao-from-fast-growth-plantations-using-steaming-and-heating-effects-on-the-quality-of-lumber\/","title":{"rendered":"Reduction of growth stresses in logs of Hieronyma alchorneoides Allem\u00e3o from fast-growth plantations using steaming and heating: effects on the quality of lumber"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\/assets\/embed.js'><\/script><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/MoyaTenorio-2021.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5070 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/MoyaTenorio-2021-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/MoyaTenorio-2021-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/MoyaTenorio-2021-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/MoyaTenorio-2021-640x483.png 640w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2021\/09\/MoyaTenorio-2021.png 785w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Key message<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Growth stresses are usually present in the fast-growing trees of forest plantations and can be evaluated along stem diameter. Growth stresses are relaxed after tree felling and during sawing and drying, and are manifested in the lumber quality. Different methods have been employed to reduce the effect of growth stresses, such as steaming and heating treatments. Excellent growth and yield in forest plantations of <em>Hyeronima alchorneoides<\/em> were observed, but they showed difficulties in the primary sawing process and a high incidence of wood warping during the drying process. Steam and heat treatments on the log were used to study their effects on <em>H. alchorneoides<\/em> sawlog and to evaluate lumber quality.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Context<\/strong> Growth stresses in <em>Hieronyma alchorneoides<\/em> Allem\u00e3o trees growing under fast-growth conditions show high and negative effects on the lumber quality (increased warps and splits or checks). Therefore, steaming and heating treatments have been applied to reduce these effects on the lumber.<br \/>\n<strong>Aims<\/strong> The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of steaming and heating treatments on sawlogs of <em>Hieronyma alchorneoides<\/em> from the fast-growth plantations to reduce the longitudinal surface growth stress.<br \/>\n<strong>Methods<\/strong> Twenty-six trees ready for felling in the third thinning were sampled and commercial logs measuring 2.5 m long were extracted from them at different heights. These logs were used to investigate the effect of steaming and heating treatments and the growth stresses were measured before and after treatment. Crooking due to sawing, colour and wards, splits and checks were measured.<br \/>\n<strong>Results<\/strong> The results showed that the internal temperature of the logs was approximately 85 \u00b0C after the heating treatment, and it was nearly 90 \u00b0C after the steaming treatment. It resulted in a reduction of 1500 \u03bc\u03b5 (micro-deformations) before the treatment to 1000 \u03bc\u03b5 after the treatment. Therefore, crooking due to sawing decreased significantly in logs or semi-logs. The parameters such as colour, luminosity (L*), redness (a*) and lightness (b*) decreased in heartwood while L* increased and a* and b* decreased in sapwood, which led to the decrease in quality of the lumber, the magnitude and incidence of the defects in treated logs.<br \/>\n<strong>Conclusion<\/strong> As compared to untreated logs, the best performance was obtained with steaming treatment, followed by the heating treatment. The difference found between steaming and heating can be attributed to the temperature in the internal part of the log, which was more than 90 \u00b0C in steaming treatment; meanwhile, in the heating treatment, the internal temperature of the log was slightly lower (80\u201385 \u00b0C). Therefore, glass transition can be more easily reached by steaming treatment than by the heating treatment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><br \/>\nLog treatment; Warps; Lumber quality; Tropical species; Fast-growth plantation<\/p>\n<div class='altmetric-embed' data-badge-type='donut' data-doi='10.1007\/s13595-021-01090-z'  style='float: right; ' ><\/div>\n<p><strong>Publication<\/strong><br \/>\nMoya, R., Tenorio, C. Reduction of growth stresses in logs of <em>Hieronyma alchorneoides<\/em> Allem\u00e3o from fast-growth plantations using steaming and heating: effects on the quality of lumber. Annals of Forest Science 78, 74 (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-021-01090-z\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-021-01090-z<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>For the read-only version of the full text:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/cxPax\">https:\/\/rdcu.be\/cxPax<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Data availability<\/strong><br \/>\nThe datasets used during the current work are available from the corresponding author upon request and in the Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity (KNB) at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5063\/ZS2TWD\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5063\/ZS2TWD<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Handling Editor<\/strong><br \/>\nJean-Michel Leban<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key message Growth stresses are usually present in the fast-growing trees of forest plantations and can be evaluated along stem diameter. Growth stresses are relaxed after tree felling and during sawing and drying, and are manifested in the lumber quality. Different methods have been employed to reduce the effect of growth stresses, such as steaming [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,110,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article-type","category-data-in-repository","category-research-paper","cat-14-id","cat-110-id","cat-15-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/109"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5067"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5067\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}