{"id":3640,"date":"2019-07-17T09:00:02","date_gmt":"2019-07-17T07:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inra.fr\/afs\/?p=3640"},"modified":"2019-07-12T17:05:28","modified_gmt":"2019-07-12T15:05:28","slug":"dynamics-of-gaps-and-large-openings-in-a-secondary-forest-of-northeast-china-over-50-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/2019\/07\/17\/dynamics-of-gaps-and-large-openings-in-a-secondary-forest-of-northeast-china-over-50-years\/","title":{"rendered":"Dynamics of gaps and large openings in a secondary forest of Northeast China over 50 years"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\/assets\/embed.js'><\/script><div id=\"attachment_3641\" style=\"width: 557px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inra.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3641\" class=\" wp-image-3641\" src=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inra.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al-300x215.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"547\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al-768x550.png 768w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al-1024x734.png 1024w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al-640x459.png 640w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Zhu-et-al.png 1310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Location of the study area (QFCERN: Qingyuan forest CERN)<\/p><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">The gap dynamics in the studied secondary forest were comparable to those of other temperate forests; large openings were filled within 30 years by afforestation; large and medium gaps closed 30\u201340 years after they formed.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Context<\/strong> Gaps have important roles in forest regeneration and plant succession. However, it is difficult to determine gap dynamics over long time periods at regional scales.<br \/>\nAims We studied how the dynamics of gaps and large openings (oversized \u201cgaps\u201d) changed in a secondary temperate forest over 50 years.<br \/>\n<strong>Methods<\/strong> We computed the dynamic indices of gaps (16\u20133257 m2) and large openings (&gt;3257 m2) using remote sensing techniques applied to six satellite images that were taken approximately every 10 years. Additionally, number-based gap closure ratios were calculated at each interval.<br \/>\n<strong>Results<\/strong> Gap dynamics were comparable in magnitude to those calculated for other temperate forests, and 60% and 53% of the large and medium gaps had closed within 30\u201340 and 20\u201330 years, respectively. The small gaps closed within 10 years, based on ground-level surveys, and 79.2% of large openings that existed in 1964 were covered by artificial forests in 1994.<br \/>\n<strong>Conclusion<\/strong> Gaps of different sizes closed within 40 years due to natural regeneration. Large openings had closed within 30 years via afforestation. These findings can be used for evaluating recovery status and for predicting succession times in secondary forest structures driven by gap formation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><br \/>\nSecondary forest, Gap pattern, Gap duration time, Anthropogenic opening<\/p>\n<div class='altmetric-embed' data-badge-type='donut' data-doi='10.1007\/s13595-019-0844-9'  style='float: right; ' ><\/div>\n<p><strong>Publication<\/strong><br \/>\nZhu, C., Zhu, J., Wang, G.G. et al. Annals of Forest Science (2019) 76: 72. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-019-0844-9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-019-0844-9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For the read-only version of the full text: <a href=\"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/bJ0Lz\">https:\/\/rdcu.be\/bJ0Lz<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Data availability<\/strong><br \/>\nThe datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The gap dynamics in the studied secondary forest were comparable to those of other temperate forests; large openings were filled within 30 years by afforestation; large and medium gaps closed 30\u201340 years after they formed. Context Gaps have important roles in forest regeneration and plant succession. However, it is difficult to determine gap dynamics over [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":3641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article-type","category-research-paper","cat-14-id","cat-15-id","has_thumb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/106"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3640\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}