{"id":3372,"date":"2019-04-09T09:00:17","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T07:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inra.fr\/afs\/?p=3372"},"modified":"2019-04-03T14:22:25","modified_gmt":"2019-04-03T12:22:25","slug":"validation-of-a-ct-knot-detection-algorithm-on-fresh-douglas-fir-pseudotsuga-menziesii-mirb-franco-logs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/2019\/04\/09\/validation-of-a-ct-knot-detection-algorithm-on-fresh-douglas-fir-pseudotsuga-menziesii-mirb-franco-logs\/","title":{"rendered":"Validation of a CT knot detection algorithm on fresh Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) logs"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\/assets\/embed.js'><\/script><p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inra.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/04\/Longo-et-al.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3373 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inra.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/04\/Longo-et-al-199x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/04\/Longo-et-al-199x300.png 199w, https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/04\/Longo-et-al.png 506w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/a>A fully automated algorithm allowed knot detection and positioning on computed tomography (CT) images of Douglas-fir logs. The detection of knot diameter and status could benefit from further improvements, i.e., testing other configurations and implementing texture measures. Manual measurement on CT images allows for tridimensional assessment and greater attainable sampling, while manual measurement on discs provides additional color and texture information.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Context<\/strong> Computed tomography (CT) is a very successful tool to non-destructively acquire the internal knot structure of a log. To enable large-scale applications, an algorithm that automatically detects knots is required. The accuracy of such algorithms depends heavily on the species and image resolution.<br \/>\n<strong>Aim<\/strong> This study validates a knot detection algorithm (Johansson et al. in Comput Electron Agric 96:238\u201345, 2013) on fresh Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii<\/em> (Mirb.) Franco) logs.<br \/>\n<strong>Methods<\/strong> In this study, 282 knots were sampled from 15 logs, selected from six 78-year-old trees in southwest Germany. The validation of the algorithm\u2019s knot detection was performed via comparison against two manual methods: on physical samples and on CT images.<br \/>\n<strong>Results<\/strong> The saturated sapwood negatively influences the overall knot detection, which causes underestimation of knot diameter in this area or incomplete detection. The algorithm tended to overestimate knot diameter, longitudinal position, and knot length.<br \/>\n<strong>Conclusion<\/strong> The algorithm provides the knot position with satisfactory accuracy. Other settings on contrast and considered volume around a knot can be tested within the algorithm, as well as new development and implementation of texture measures in the image analysis to improve the accuracy results for Douglas-fir in future investigations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><br \/>\nX-ray technology, Wood scanning, Saturated sapwood, Method accuracy, Physical samples, Manual measurements<\/p>\n<div class='altmetric-embed' data-badge-type='donut' data-doi='10.1007\/s13595-019-0812-4'  style='float: right; ' ><\/div>\n<p><strong>Publication<\/strong><br \/>\nLongo, B.L., Br\u00fcchert, F., Becker, G. et al. Annals of Forest Science (2019) 76: 28. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-019-0812-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13595-019-0812-4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For the read-only version of the full text: <a href=\"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/buujn\">https:\/\/rdcu.be\/buujn<\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Data availability<\/strong><br \/>\nThe datasets used to produce the plots and tables of this manuscript were made available through the Open Science Framework repository (<a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/u794t\/\">https:\/\/osf.io\/u794t\/<\/a>) (Longo et al. 2019). Longo BL, Br\u00fcchert F, Becker G, Sauter UH (2019) Validation of a CT knot detection algorithm on fresh Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii<\/em> (Mirb.) Franco) logs. Version 19 Feb 2019. Open Science Framework. [Dataset]. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/U794T\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/U794T<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A fully automated algorithm allowed knot detection and positioning on computed tomography (CT) images of Douglas-fir logs. The detection of knot diameter and status could benefit from further improvements, i.e., testing other configurations and implementing texture measures. Manual measurement on CT images allows for tridimensional assessment and greater attainable sampling, while manual measurement on discs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":3373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,110,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article-type","category-data-in-repository","category-research-paper","cat-14-id","cat-110-id","cat-15-id","has_thumb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/106"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ist.blogs.inrae.fr\/afs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}